{"id":844,"date":"2015-07-21T16:12:51","date_gmt":"2015-07-21T16:12:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ground.geophysicsgpr.com\/?page_id=844"},"modified":"2017-03-10T19:18:49","modified_gmt":"2017-03-10T19:18:49","slug":"electrical-resistivity-ip-and-sp","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ground.geophysicsgpr.com\/en\/techniques\/electrical-resistivity-ip-and-sp","title":{"rendered":"Electrical Resistivity, IP and SP"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"pl-844\"  class=\"panel-layout\" ><div id=\"pg-844-0\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-has-style\" ><div class=\"texte-home-right article panel-row-style panel-row-style-for-844-0\" ><div id=\"pgc-844-0-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-844-0-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"0\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p>The basic principle behind electrical methods is the injection of current into the ground using a pair of electrodes. This current causes a potential difference in the ground which is measured by a separate pair of electrodes. The voltage measured can then, using the parameters of the survey, be converted into an apparent resistivity value. This value can provide a range of information regarding the material being tested. Different types of soil compositions have different resistivities. Variations of the method include electrical resistivity, self potential, and induced polarisation. Each of these methods can be used for a wide range of applications.<\/p>\n<p>A number of different electrode configurations can be employed for electrical surveys, including:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Vertical Electric Soundings (VES) for grounding studies (ASTM G57, IEEE-81);<\/li>\n<li>2-D and 3-D Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT)<\/li>\n<li>2-D dipole-dipole gradient maps (in the horizontal plane) of resistivity and induced polarization.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Typical applications include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Electrical grounding studies;<\/li>\n<li>Geological mapping;<\/li>\n<li>Hydrogeology;<\/li>\n<li>Environmental studies (contaminant mapping, landfill sites);<\/li>\n<li>Mineral exploration (induced polarisation (IP) surveys).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For more information, please contact our\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:info@geophysicsgpr.com\">Ground Survey Team<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-844-1\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-844-1-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-844-1-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_black-studio-tinymce widget_black_studio_tinymce panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"1\" ><div class=\"textwidget\"><p><div id=\"wondergridgallerylightbox_options\" data-skinsfoldername=\"skins\/default\/\"  data-jsfolder=\"https:\/\/ground.geophysicsgpr.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/wonderplugin-gridgallery\/engine\/\" style=\"display:none;\"><\/div>\r\n<style type=\"text\/css\">.wpp-btn-blue-medium {     background: #fa4c06; 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font-size:14px; font-family:Armata,sans-serif,Arial; overflow:hidden; text-align:left;}\" data-descriptionbottomcss=\"{color:#333; font-size:12px; font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; overflow:hidden; text-align:left; margin:4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px;}\" data-googleanalyticsaccount=\"\" data-gap=\"4\" data-margin=\"10\" data-borderradius=\"0\" data-hoverzoominvalue=\"24\" data-hoverzoominduration=\"180\" data-hoverzoominimagescale=\"1.1\" data-hoverzoominimageduration=\"360\" data-hoverfadeopacity=\"0.8\" data-hoverfadeduration=\"300\" data-videoplaybutton=\"playvideo-64-64-0.png\" data-column=\"3\" data-mediumcolumn=\"2\" data-mediumscreensize=\"800\" data-smallcolumn=\"1\" data-smallscreensize=\"600\" data-titlemode=\"always\" data-titleeffect=\"fade\" data-titleeffectduration=\"300\" data-titleheight=\"0\" data-jsfolder=\"https:\/\/ground.geophysicsgpr.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/wonderplugin-gridgallery\/engine\/\" data-skinsfoldername=\"skins\/default\/\" style=\"display:none;position:relative;margin:0 auto;width:100%;max-width:1328px;\" ><div class=\"wonderplugin-gridgallery-list\" style=\"display:block;position:relative;max-width:100%;margin:0 auto;\"><div class=\"wonderplugin-gridgallery-item\" data-row=\"1\" data-col=\"1\"><div class=\"wonderplugin-gridgallery-item-container\"><a href=\"http:\/\/ground.geophysicsgpr.com\/en\/techniques\/electrical-resistivity-ip-and-sp\/grounding-studies\/\" title=\"Grounding Studies\" data-description=\"Geophysical surveys and interpretation of resistivity data for grounding studies.\" data-button=\"<a href=&quot;http:\/\/ground.geophysicsgpr.com\/en\/techniques\/electrical-resistivity-ip-and-sp\/grounding-studies\/&quot;><button class=&quot;wpp-btn-blue-medium&quot;>Learn more<\/button><\/a>\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wonderplugin-gridgallery-item-img\" src=\"http:\/\/ground.geophysicsgpr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2015\/07\/Electrical_Soil_and_Resistivity-150x150.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wonderplugin-gridgallery-item\" data-row=\"1\" data-col=\"1\"><div class=\"wonderplugin-gridgallery-item-container\"><a href=\"http:\/\/ground.geophysicsgpr.com\/en\/techniques\/electrical-resistivity-ip-and-sp\/hydrogeology\/\" title=\"Hydrogeology\" data-description=\"Streaming potential is measured by the flow of water into the ground to detect leaks in dams and dikes.\" data-button=\"<a href=&quot;http:\/\/ground.geophysicsgpr.com\/en\/techniques\/electrical-resistivity-ip-and-sp\/hydrogeology\/&quot;><button class=&quot;wpp-btn-blue-medium&quot;>Learn more<\/button><\/a>\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wonderplugin-gridgallery-item-img\" src=\"http:\/\/ground.geophysicsgpr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2015\/07\/Electrical_Groundwater-150x150.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wonderplugin-gridgallery-item\" data-row=\"1\" data-col=\"1\"><div class=\"wonderplugin-gridgallery-item-container\"><a href=\"http:\/\/ground.geophysicsgpr.com\/en\/techniques\/electrical-resistivity-ip-and-sp\/mineral-exploration\/\" title=\"Mineral Electrical\" data-description=\"Electromagnetic geophysical investigations are ground methods used among others for mineral exploration.\" data-button=\"<a href=&quot;http:\/\/ground.geophysicsgpr.com\/en\/techniques\/electrical-resistivity-ip-and-sp\/mineral-exploration\/&quot;><button class=&quot;wpp-btn-blue-medium&quot;>Learn more<\/button><\/a>\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wonderplugin-gridgallery-item-img\" src=\"http:\/\/ground.geophysicsgpr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2015\/07\/Electrical_Exploration-150x150.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wonderplugin-gridgallery-item\" data-row=\"1\" data-col=\"1\"><div class=\"wonderplugin-gridgallery-item-container\"><a href=\"http:\/\/ground.geophysicsgpr.com\/en\/techniques\/electrical-resistivity-ip-and-sp\/void-mapping\/\" title=\"Void Mapping\" data-description=\"Using the data, it is possible, on demand, to map ground resistivity of a geophysical survey area surface.\" data-button=\"<a href=&quot;http:\/\/ground.geophysicsgpr.com\/en\/techniques\/electrical-resistivity-ip-and-sp\/void-mapping\/&quot;><button class=&quot;wpp-btn-blue-medium&quot;>Learn more<\/button><\/a>\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wonderplugin-gridgallery-item-img\" src=\"http:\/\/ground.geophysicsgpr.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/7\/2015\/07\/Electrical_Voids-150x150.jpg\" \/><\/a><\/div><\/div><div style=\"clear:both;\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wonderplugin-gridgallery-engine\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.wonderplugin.com\/wordpress-gridgallery\/\" title=\"WordPress Grid Gallery Plugin\">WordPress Grid Gallery Plugin<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The basic principle behind electrical methods is the injection of current into the ground using a pair of electrodes. This current causes a potential difference in the ground which is measured by a separate pair of electrodes. The voltage measured can then, using the parameters of the survey, be converted into an apparent resistivity value&#8230;.  <a href=\"https:\/\/ground.geophysicsgpr.com\/en\/techniques\/electrical-resistivity-ip-and-sp\" class=\"more-link\" title=\"Read Electrical Resistivity, IP and SP\">Read more &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1118,"parent":703,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"page-full-width.php","meta":{"content-type":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-844","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ground.geophysicsgpr.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/844","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ground.geophysicsgpr.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ground.geophysicsgpr.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ground.geophysicsgpr.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ground.geophysicsgpr.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=844"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ground.geophysicsgpr.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/844\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3049,"href":"https:\/\/ground.geophysicsgpr.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/844\/revisions\/3049"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ground.geophysicsgpr.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/703"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ground.geophysicsgpr.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1118"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ground.geophysicsgpr.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=844"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}